The Fundamentals of the Intertropical Convergence Zone

Near the equator, from about 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south, the northeast trade winds and southeast trade winds converge in a low-pressure zone known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Solar heating in the region forces air to rise through convection which results in the accumulation of large thunderstorms  and plethora of  precipitation, spreading rain around the Equator year-round; as a result of this, combined with its  central location on the globe, the ITCZ is a key component of the global air and water circulation system. The location of the ITCZ changes throughout the year, and how  far from the equator it gets is largely determined by the land or ocean temperatures underneath these currents of air and moisture—otter oceans yield less volatile change while varying lands cause varying degrees in the ITCZs location. The Intertropical Convergence Zone has been called the doldrums by sailors due to the lack of horizontal air movement (the air rises with convection), and its also known as the Equatorial Convergence Zone or Intertropical Front. The ITCZ Doesnt Have a Dry Season Weather stations in the equatorial region record precipitation up to 200 days each year, making the equatorial and ITC zones the wettest on the planet. Additionally, the equatorial region lacks a dry season and is constantly hot and humid, resulting in large thunderstorms formed from the convectional flow of air and moisture. The precipitation in the ITCZ over land has whats known as a  diurnal cycle  where clouds form in the late morning and early afternoon hours and by the hottest time of the day at 3 or 4 p.m., convectional  thunderstorms form and precipitation begins, but over the ocean, these clouds typically form overnight to produce early morning rainstorms. These storms are generally brief, but they make flying quite difficult, especially over land where clouds can accumulate at altitudes up to 55,000 feet. Most commercial airlines avoid the ITCZ while traveling across continents for this reason, and while the ITCZ over the ocean is usually calmer during the day and night and only active in the morning, many boats have been lost at sea from a sudden storm there. The Location Changes Throughout the Year While the ITCZ remains near the equator for most of the year, can vary in as much as 40 to 45 degrees of latitude north or south of the equator based on the pattern of land and ocean beneath it. The ITCZ over land ventures farther north or south than the ITCZ over the oceans, this is due to the variations in land and water temperatures. The zone mostly stays close to the Equator over water. It varies throughout the year over land. In Africa in July and August, for instance, the ITCZ is located just south of the Sahel desert at about 20 degrees north of the Equator, but the ITCZ over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans is usually only 5 to 15 degrees North; meanwhile, over Asia, the ITCZ can go as far as 30 degrees North.

The Hamilton Grange National Memorial - 1530 Words

There are many historical sites in New York City that have contributed and still contribute to America’s political history in some way. The historical site that I have decided to expand my research on is, the Hamilton Grange National Memorial located in Harlem, New York. This site was the home of Alexander Hamilton, one of the seven foreign-born Founding Fathers of the United States of America. He had a great influence on the foundation of the United States of America, the United States constitution and the Federalist Party. He was a Military officer, lawyer and member of the US constitutional convention, an American political philosopher, and author of the majority of the Federalist Papers. Alexander Hamilton was born on January 11, 1755 in Charlestown, Nevis, in British West Indies. While working at a shipping company in Nevis, he gained recognition from local contributors who offered him a formal education. This led to Hamilton coming to New York at the age of seventeen (1772) to earn an education at Kings University, which is now Columbia University. During his college career, Hamilton caught an interest in American politics, specifically, the American Patriots. Eventually, he became a huge supporter of the patriots’ revolutionary movement against pro-British loyalists. Hamilton educated himself on the revolutionary movement enough to write political articles that legitimized revolutionary actions. These articles caught the attention of many people and political

The Four Noble Truths free essay sample

The Four Noble Truths are the basis of the Buddhist teachings. They are as follows: 1. Dukkha – the truth of suffering a. Says that all existence is characterized by suffering and does not bring satisfaction. Everything is suffering: birth, sickness, death; not obtaining one’s desires; etc. 2. Samudaya – the truth of the origin of suffering a. The cause of suffering is craving or desire (tanha), the thirst for sensual pleasure (trishna), for becoming and passing away. This craving binds beings to the cycle of existence. (Paticcasamuppada) b. Paticcasamuppada i. States that all phenomena are arising together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. The interdependence and mutual conditioning of phenomena is critical to Dharma, which makes liberation possible. The Buddha applied this general truth of causal interdependence to the problem of suffering. 3. Nirodha – the truth of the cessation of suffering a. Through remainder-less elimination of craving, suffering can be brought to an end. We will write a custom essay sample on The Four Noble Truths or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Magga – the path that leads out of suffering is the eightfold path a. The truth of the path that leads to the cessation of suffering b. Gives the eightfold path as the means for the ending of suffering. The discovery of the four noble truths by the Buddha constituted his actual enlightenment. The Eightfold Path 1. Annatman – Perfect view. i. The view based on understanding of the four noble truths and the nonindividuality of existence. 2. Perfect resolve i. Resolve in favor of renunciation, good will, and nonharming of sentient beings. 3. Perfect speech i. Avoidance of lying, slander, and gossip. 4. Perfect conduct i. Avoidance of actions that conflict with moral discipline. 5. Perfect livelihood i. Avoidance of professions that are harmful to sentient beings, such as slaughterer, hunter, dealer in weaponry or narcotics, etc. 6. Perfect effort i. Cultivation of what is karmically wholesome and avoidance of what is karmically unwholesome. 7. Perfect mindfulness i. Ongoing mindfulness of body, feelings, thinking, and objects of thought. 8. Perfect concentration i. Concentration of mind that finds its highpoint in the four absorptions. Anatta â€Å"not-self† The Buddha used this term in teaching that all things perceived by the senses are not really â€Å"I† or â€Å"mine,† and for this reason one should not cling to them. One of the three marks of existence. (anatta – not self; dukkha – unsatisfactoriness; anicca – impermance) Anicca â€Å"impermanence† The Buddhist notion that all of conditioned existence, without exception, is in a constant state of flux. One of the three marks of existence. Human life embodies this flux in the aging process, through birth and rebirth, and in any experience of loss. The Buddha taught that because all conditioned phenomena are impermanent, attachment to them becomes the cause for future suffering.

Malcom X Essays - Community Organizing, Counterculture Of The 1960s

Malcom X MALCOM X THE TRUE HERO OF AFRICAN AMERICANS. WITH HIS LONG-TERM VISION BEING DISTORTED BY MARTIN LUTHER KING.JR, AND HIS DISIPLES OF MASS DISTRUCTION OF THE GOOD BLACK PEOPLE LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES AND PERSONS EVERY WHERE. Malcom X and his contribution to the world. Malcom X born Malcom Little was a very deviant youth with a criminal out look on life in his young years. Then when he was locked up for robbery in prison some time he had a revelation always knowing that the treatment of black folks back then was just criminal injustice. His father introduced him to Marcus Garvy and his back to Africa philosophies. While in prison he was introduced to a black version of the Muslim religion. It was his sort of say initiation into real manhood and becoming responsible for his actions. While in prison he wrote out the dictionary by hand for the sole purpose of learning to use the same tools that the same people in power were using to distort things to their will. Malcom X bought things a little further and was far more dangerous to civil rights leaders than he was to the establishment. I think that Malcom X was far more respected than MLK. Malcom Xs basic philosophy was lets clean up our own communities no government help, No welfare, no interference from groups other than the black folks themselves. He was for black owned schools, black owned businesses, black owned towns, etc. He saw that we were basically not going to go anywhere taking hand outs from the same people who oppressed us for years. He was not a person who was all talk, on a meager salary he set up organizations in the black communities like Muslim school where children learned to speak some of known African languages. He set up an area of black owned businesses. There are some of his predictions, which have come true for the black people in the United States. Like he knew that the civil right leaders were not going to change a damn thing for black people he says that they cant possibly do anything with the help of a government that oppressed you in the first place, and that these civil leaders will of course be held in high regard because they are not proposing that black people get off their asses and make something of themselves. They would rather give out money to a select few to show that there is a fairness in the system. In one of his speeches he directly point out the fallusies. For the past fifteen years the struggle of the Black man in this country was labeled as a civil rights struggle, and as such it remained completely within the jurisdiction of the United States. You and I could get no kind of benefits whatsoever other than that which would be forthcoming from Washington D.C. Which meant, in order for it to be forthcoming from Washington, D.C., all of the congressmen and the senators would have to agree to it. At that time the most powerful congressmen and the most powerful senators were from the south. Most of the Black people were enslaved in the south. So in other words civil right leaders were asking the same persons who would not let them vote, for privileges, which were never really given. He would constantly refer to the civil right leaders as uncle toms. He never said that directly to a newspaper, but you knew whom he was talking about. Especially when he was in a debate with them. An Uncle Tom is the as the slaves see it. Is the person in the Masters house, he told on the other slaves just to please his master and did nothing that would lead one to believe that he had any self-respect for himself. I guess that it was a way to deal with the stress of being a slave. Persons like that get publicly killed in Africa for doing the same thing, but my point being that they did every thing to please the master and even lived in the masters own house. He would answer the master by saying, how our WE doing today? and is WE sick master? Malcom X