Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 7

Marketing - set about ExampleFurthermore, it has also been observed that, firms which tenderise interchangeable receipts seams atomic number 18 deemed to be super appealing by the customers (Bendoly et al. 2005, Pp. 314). There is a substantial rise in the use of telephones and internet which are increasingly being integrated into the multi- conduct service systems, and are substituted by the traditional means of communication much(prenominal) as face-to-face channel. Multi-channel retail affords the customers to use additional service carry which entails a wider range of service outlets increased convenience of obtain time savings as well as reliability (Coughlan et al. 2001). Multi channel sell offers several benefits to the firms in the form of service innovation cost reduction increased automation customization of services greater flexibility etc., among others (Bitner et al.2000). Maximising customer satis concomitantion is the key objective of multi channel sell (Mo riarty & Moran, 1990 Coelho & Easingwood, 2003) which is accomplished through an integration of various channel formats (Montoya-Weiss, Voss, & Grewal, 2003). Of all the channels of distribution, internet is ranked exceedingly by both the sellers as well as the customers, as an appropriate and effective tool for enhancing the shopping experience of the customers. According to claims made, in recent research reports, there are various evidences which point to the fact that consumers with access to multiple retail channels, spend comparitively more than those with access to single channel of distribution. Furthermore, multiple channel retailers are known to have a wide base of loyal customers and repeat shoppers, as compared to those who offer a single channel of distribution (Berman, 2007). Such major shift in consumer preferences have acted as a major trigger for the retailers, compelling them to review their channel integration strategies, and take active steps in transforming th e way they approach and target their customer segments. Multi channel retailiers today, clearly have an edge all over their single channel counterparts, both - in terms of competitive standing in the industry as well as higher customer satisfaction. Definition of Multichannel Retailing According to Levy & Weitz (2009) Multi channel retailing refers to an integrated set of activities which involves sale of products or services to the customers, via more than one channel of distribution. Berman and Evans (1998) classify retailing in accordance with store found and non-store based. Multi-channel retailing thus, refers to the integration of store based retailing with the non-store based channel. Multi-channel retailing in the Banking sector There has been a significant increase in the revenue maturement in retail banks across the globe. This is because, of a tremendous shift in the number of channels apply to reach their customers, leading to an enhanced customer experience better m arket segmentation ability to expect an effective product mix and a remarkable improvement in the service operations. The key channels of distr

Internet Entrepreneurship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Internet Entrepreneurship - Assignment ExampleThis authorship details the trade opportunities for providing a safe affable net work for customers who are juvenile people. The real weavesite is named www.emuu.com and result be marketed in this name and style through the network. This authorship is structured to present the market opportunities, proposed business strategy covering the customer segmentation and value proposition for the customers. In addition the paper also presents a business and revenue model for the marketing of www.emuu.com and the design of the organisation and the issues that need to be considered while starting up the internet business.The success of marketing a social network depends on the selection of a proper social net work software to design the website and also on the provision of the adjust kind of service to the customers so that they stay longer with the site (Ron McNeil). The objective of the social net work is to help the customers manakin up large communities and groups over the time. The site should create more than opportunities for the customers to stay longer with the website and create the right kind of customer loyalty which is an absolute necessity for successfully running a social networking web site. ... The objective of the social net work is to help the customers build up large communities and groups over the time. The site should create more opportunities for the customers to stay longer with the website and create the right kind of customer loyalty which is an absolute necessity for successfully running a social networking web site. In line with these observations, www.emuu.com is being promoted as social net work for infantileer people with the pursuance aims and objectives.2.1 Aims and Objectives of the Internet Marketing Website emuu.comThe ultimate aim of the website is to create a safe social network for the young people which has a real value for the time and money the young people spend on the site. In order to achieve this aim the website has the future(a) objectives(1) Providing a number of educational games which nominate the set up of stimulating the minds of young customers the games will not be the usual computer games but will have a good educational value and will contribute to the creation and development of analytical skills among the young children(2) Encouraging the communication between old friends and new ones who got acquainted through the internet the site will act as the base for the development of a meaningful communication between the subscribers and the visitors to the website(3) Enhancing the importance of the internet safety by providing suitable safeguards in the form of encrypted user names and passwords so that the information supplied on the network is not being misused by fraudsters for illegitimate purposes2.2 Product OfferingThe website proposes to offer the following products

Danger Of Smoking For The Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Danger Of Smoking For The Society - Essay ExampleThe tobacco products are sources of taxes, and thus the regimen should not ban heater. Weighing the benefits and drawbacks of abolition is an important exercise. Smoking affects the wellness of the toiletrs and non-smokers. Banning of the cigarette barter and smoking is important to reduce the healthcare cost and financial burden of smokers, as well as, publicize a healthier rural area that can work productively.Smoking affects the health of the smokers and non-smokers. The World Health boldness report attributes many lasts to smoking (Ash 3). The projections of the World Health Organization indicate that people who succumb to death from the smoking might reach ten million in 2020 (Ash 3-5). Notably, smoking in public affects the health of people and does not discriminate against the age. The children raised by the families, which smoke, have high chances of developing health complications. For instance, such children exhibit health complications such as cardiovascular and neurobiological problems. According to Ash, a study centre on pediatrics indicated that passive smoking affects the children, and the youngsters have higher chances of suffering from chronic diseases including sickle cellular telephone anemia (2-5). In this respect, it is important to ban the sale of cigarettes in order to promote a nation that has healthier children.Smoking increases the chances of contracting medical conditions such as asthma, which consequently retards the mental growth in children. Ash reports about a study in the United States that linked the childrens exposure to the smoke from the cigarette to ill health and poor reasoning capabilities (4). The indication is that the children brought up in an environment that promotes smoking have a high possibility of exhibiting the asthmatic symptoms such as wheezing and pains in the chest.

The Role of Religion in the United States and Egypt Essay

The Role of religious belief in the United States and Egypt - Essay ExampleUS Puritan ancestors believed that men were born evil scarcely had the potential to be good, through self-control and self-motivation. The Protestant religion teaches that self-discipline and hard throw provide to the godliness of individuals (Chapter 9), which is reflected in the beliefs about human nature, and in the attitude towards work. Similarly, the Islamic belief proclaims hard work as a cherished virtue (Chapter 10). Muslims believe that people are born good and wear out into positive directions (Chapter 10). The Americans view time as a key resource (Chapter 9). Their present efforts and resources are lie to the future. Unlike the US, the time has different dimensions in Egypt it is not a linear adherence to schedules and deadlines, but sooner an abstract mixture of people and transactions (Chapter 10). The equality in the United States is proclaimed by Constitution, go the Islamic guiding doc ument proclaiming equality is the Koran (MS Encarta, 2003). Still, status and financial power in two cultures are the sources of social inequality. The United States places a strong emphasis on status-defining factors like money, and power (Chapter 9). Similarly, the Egyptian society comprises of the ruling minority of Afrangi, high government officials, and academicians, and the ruling majority of natives, Baladi (Tehuti Research Foundation, 2003).The individualistic American society is much different from the group-oriented Islam, where family traditions are highly cherished (Chapter 10).

Making Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Making Decisions - act ExampleThese limitations can be in the form of limited information, complexity of the issue, uncertainty, time operational, information available etc. Because of these restrictions, decisions are taken based on what is immediately appropriate rather than the best realizable action. Hence, all possible alternatives are not evaluated before taking any decision and managers tend to encompass a satisficing solution to the problem. In the process, managers tend to use judgmental heuristics, which means the most commonly use ways are chosen as the solution to the problem. The model of decision-making styles identifies two categories namely, value orientation and leeway for ambiguity. From these, four decision making styles emerge directive, analytical, conceptual and behavioral. The five stages of creative process include preparation, concentration, incubation, illumination, and verification. formulate how participative heed affects performance, and also discus s knowledge management and techniques used by companies to increase knowledge sharing. Participative management involves employees in key decision making processes. In this management style, employees are involved in refinement setting, making decisions, solving problems, and making changes in the organization.

The Italian Renaissance and the Northern European Renaissance Essay

The Italian rebirth and the Northern European Renaissance - Essay ExampleCommerce introduced the artistic ideas in the Northern Europe region.Both regions used the edict system, which was based on lessons on the craft. This involved painting and sculptures. According to Earls, the guild system was a regulative system for any artistic work (34). In this regard, every artistic presentation had to be in agreement with the Guild. This is to make sure that the artwork produced was of high quality. Essentially, this meant that the rehearsals on various forms of art had to be energetic and time-consuming. After accepting the artworks, the Guild still continued to measure the artistic practices and standards. An separate similarity is that both(prenominal) the north and Italy had unique artistic centers in their regions. In this regard, the Italians center was the Republic of Florence bit the center for the North was Flanders. This was a section of the Duchy of the Burgundy. The Floren ce City, which was the center of art for the Italian Renaissance was controlled by the Medici family. The members of Medici family were responsible for bringing wealth to Florence. According to Nici, Cosimo de Medici, established a library, which was full of the Greek and Roman manuscripts (Nici 47). This subtitle noticeably involved Italian artists and philosophers. This group helped in the changing of Florence to a cultural center. The Italian Renaissance was focused on individualism. An example of this was Masaccios Trinity with the virgin, which was highly recognized with the Italian Renaissance. The other likeness of Italy and the North was their use of religion in their artistic works. Incidentally, religious scenes were always displayed to show the enjoy of religion. The artworks of the religious scenes from the Italian Renaissance were the last supper and the creation. The northern Europe Renaissance examples are tour and Eve, and the Mystic Lamb. Both renaissances were s harp in their artistic works.

Support Sector Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Support Sector - Coursework pillowcaseSome examples of these plaques include the faith-based organizations that offer support to the unfortunate through training, housing, food and provision of education (Paula, 2014). They in addition operate community health centers, afterschool programs for kids and c are for the aged. Some organizations also engage in music and artistic production to change lives of others. They train and nurture young talented people in music and art (Shauna, 2015).The samara role of support organizations is to provide services to people. The services of each support organization are all the way determined by its mission and objectives. As a non-profit making organization, all the activities that Support organizations engage into are usually aimed to improve the welfare of the community they serve. Some of these organizations specialize in training of personnel, advocacy, activism and running of community-based projects.To do by these organizations in a go od way, there is usually a need for one to understand their organisational structure, personnel management, environmental concerns, monetary resource requisite, the organizations mission, as well as how the organization will be plotted and evaluated. For purposes of communication channeling, organization structure should be done appropriately. This is done with a clear mission report of the organization in mind. It should be well understood that there will be a requirement of funding to the organization. Therefore, issues dealing with fund collection and management will be very important. To manage the funds and the organization, there is a critical requirement of personnel their selection and management will, therefore, become critical. To know how the organization is performing, there is also be a need for a proper planning and evaluation sphere of influence setup for the

Northern Emancipation 1783 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Northern Emancipation 1783 - Essay subjectBoth the religious leaders and the revolutionist were instrumental and played all important(p) role in the events that at long last lead to emancipation of the north-central in1783 (Fiske, 2003). During this time, the African Americans were freed through escape, legal petitions and cases and manumission and hence the process did not acknowledge place in a fortnight exclusively was a gradual process. However, one of the reasons for freedom of the African Americans was that the hard workerry was not economical like the other move of the America because there were very hardly a(prenominal) firms while the immigrants work force was on the higher end. The uneconomical nature of slavery together with the efforts of the revolutionists enlightened the most people of the north and their moral views on slavery begun to change gradually. This was also joined with the push for wage labor by the market economy because of the higher immigrants a nd low sylvan productiveness (Fiske, 2003). As observed by Fiske (2003), in the north, the slavery begun to wither because the slave-owners realized that slavery was impractical collectible to the agricultural limitations as well as the lack of plantation agriculture that was witnessed in other parts of the nation. This was also accompanied by the non agrarian economic activities that made it even difficult to practice agricultural activities in the region. This resulted into the increase in the other forms of entrepreneurship and hence slavery was becoming irrelevant. Slaves were looked at as liabilities for the owners but were no longer viewed as important assets. As a result there was a fault in the economy of the northern part of the nation. These economic changes forced the slave owners to abandon their slavery. According to Ludlow (1862), this happened because the slave owners were forced to confront their own hypocrisy, having born witness to the heroic efforts of black pa triots during the revolution, chose to abandon slavery on economic and moral grounds. Most of the blacks had participated in the colonys struggle for freedom and hence it was immoral for the white to keep them as slaves while they had shown their patriotism to the nation while they struggled for independence. The blacks were mainly influenced by the Jeffersons discourse on the natural rights and liberty (Ludlow, 1862). As a result of this, many whites in the north took the issue of rights and liberty seriously and hence begun to emancipate their slaves while the revolutionary war was heightened. Because of these efforts and revolutionary influences, Vermont became the offshoot to abolish slavery in the north during the year 1777. This was then followed by Massachusetts in the year 1783 which resulted into the ending of slavery in many other states that were practicing slavery. Other states that followed were Rhode Island and Connecticut in the year 1784. late York and New Jersey abolished slavery in the years 1785 and 1786 respectively (Ludlow, 1862). This indicates that the lack of agricultural productivity tho did not influence the abolishment of slavery trade but there were also some important revolutionary influences. Jefferson played an important role in the process since he initiated a discourse that would in conclusion lead to the change in perception and the views of the northern whites with regard to slavery activities. The northern emancipation was til now very unique and special compared to the other end of slavery

Health Economics Comparison Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Economics Comparison Paper - Essay ExampleBritish health explosive charge is categorized into four sections that is the Central Government, the National Health Service (NHS), topical anesthetic Government and finally, Independent welkin (Baggott, 1994). The chain of command flows from the Central Government through the Health Department to the NHS authorities. This flow continues down to the Local Government level where the Department of Health is seen to play a highly active role in the workings of the local authorities in terms of health matters, which includes provision of resources to the local authorities.The system is dissimilar In the U.S. Here, the system is more liberal, and the governments role is more supervisory. WWII had deprived the country of bullion thus a system that encouraged private companies to play the major role in this application was evolved (Niles, 2010). There were, however some attempts made to protect the welfare of the vulnerable members of the society such as the elderly as well as orphans through the passing of the Social Security Act of 1935 as well as the formation of Medicaid and Medicare in 1965. Further improvements include the Childrens Health Insurance course of study of 1997 which was further improved in 2010.On March 23, 2010, Obama signed the law of the Patient Protection an cheap Care Act which was aimed at providing healthcare coverage to all Americans. However, the law received a smokestack of opposition from different quarters especially the opposing Republican Party, as shown in the current campaigns where his rival Mitt Romney is against it. The Obama camp has gotten a further boost when the countrys Supreme Court upheld this insurance whose opponents termed as too expensive for the country to maintain. This has meant that for now all Americans are covered though this may change should the Republicans come into power. Though this has not yet started being felt all over the country, it instrument that even minorities are going

Cryptography Attacks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cryptography Attacks - Research write up ExampleThis is further compounded by the constant need for goernment agencies to share information over the common means of communication such(prenominal) as the internet. Additionally, the numerous enemies of the government also use the expression means of communication and the government develops interest in obtaining some of their communication theory. This led the government to form the issue Security influence, this is a special state agency mandated with overseeing state communication and supervising all communications in the region with a view to averting threats to the country. The agency employs the best brains in communication engineering science and has some of the best cryptographers in the world. The besides coding government information for communication over the clean-cut networks, the agency looks for other strange codes in the American market and breaks them in the pretext of vigilance and the countrys security. Ethics and moral philosophy on the other hand refers to sets of behavior governing principles concerned with the business or equipment casualty decision. Everyday activities present tribe with situations that require them to choose among overcompensate from wrong and good from bad. There is no universal standard of these but somehow people go out invariably know from the actions of others whether a decision was right or wrong. The media as a means of communicating for the people presents a number of regulatory challenges some of which are ethical. The advent of the internet further worsened these scenarios by presenting virtually everyone with the ability to communicate to others and even become mass communicators. The internet has no assigned gatekeepers or regulators. The users reserve these powers a feature that puts them in very precarious situations. The operations of the National Security Agency and other hackers further worsen the scenario making the decision on wrong and r ight harder to make. Ethics and morality are behavior guidelines that reduce harm to others. By making an operative and acceptable choice between right and wrong or good and bad, a person secures the interest of another thus preventing an excess harm to the other party. Such understandings further put government agencies such as the NSA in thought-provoking situations (James, 2001). The agency searches and breaks millions of coded messages on a daily basis. After breaking the codes, the government official assesses them and those found inviolable later communicated to their recipients as intended and in the original format. The unsuspecting recipient thinks the message is safe, secure and extremely secretive not knowing that government officials had the content before they got to him or her. This presents a great quandary in the operations of the government since the need to protect the people is equally important to their fundamental right of privacy vested in the bill of right s. The government safeguards the country and every citizen in it. The American government will not allow any ill motive by anybody to cause harm or deaths of barren Americans. To keep this promise the government, the government breaks a number of ethical principles such as accessing people head-to-head and confidential information. Some of the codes that the agency deciphers normally turn out to be communication between medicine barons and not necessarily terrorists. The decoding process was necessitated by the rampant terrorist attack threats in the country. The government uses such information to impound

Essay comparing two plays about the US between 1939-1941 over the role

Comparing two tampers about the US between 1939-1941 over the role the States played in WWII - Essay ExampleLillian Hellman was blacklisted after the war for her work with Dorothy Parker and others with communist ties. Odets was also blacklisted for his organisational work and writings, but was able to remain free of the punishment that Hellman received due to co-operation with authorities, something that calls his greater legacy into question and doubt. As two advocated resistance, in their personal lives it is important to see in what ways their ideas were use personally to the greater society as a whole and actually lived.Odets was a long-time Socialist adapter in the tradition of Eugene Debs and Upton Sinclair, a radical Leftist constantly at odds with the government and effected authority, seeking reform and justice in the political system. Lillian Hellmans play, Watch on the Rhine, and Odets Waiting for Lefty, both show political organization as the answer to State repress ion and fascism in their themes, but Hellmans play delivers a patriotic, pro-war message that can be considered supportive of the governments foreign policy at the time, and advocating organized, violent resistance in the humanitarian context of the war in Europe, with respect to German dissidents and organizers in America. For every man who lives without freedom, the rest of us must face the guilt, she famously wrote, and this is remembered to this day as a rallying cry for WWII. (Helman, 1941) Odets, however, can be seen as sending the message of the need for organization and fortify resistance through the Labor movement of Socialism, and his violence is directed to a type of domestic fascism of the integrated State in American political expression.Edna (with great joy) I dont say one man I say a hundred, a thousand, a whole million, I say. But start in your confess union. Get those hack boys together Sweep out those racketeers like a pile of dirt put forward up like men and f ight for the

( Employement relation module) How does the living wage relate to the Essay

( Employement relation module) How does the life story wage relate to the turn over movement and how does the labor movement movement relate t - Essay ExampleBackground As the living wage movement has matured, it became more aggressive and sophisticated. Typical cost of living requires the feat of at to the lowest degree $ 8.50 an hour if the employer provides certain health benefits or about $ 10 if no health benefits are provided. Capitalizing on the high cost of living in the region of Santa Cruz wage campaign living wage has won a record $ 11 per hour for health insurance or $ 12 without (Elmore 2003). Many regulations demand additional standards, such as paid leave and hiring local people. Living wage advocates are overly included language intended to protect workers from the city, where contracts from hand to hand and to prohibit retaliation by employers against employees for assert their rights under the order. However, other orders require companies to publicly repor t their employment, wages and benefits and to engage in the details of usance on urban public service contracts and economic incentives for phylogenesis. Less frequent but perhaps more promising, a handful of living wage ordinances include language intended to facilitate the trade unions. ... Unfortunately, it is a language of the map noned verifies walks fine line and vulnerable to legal challenges under the National force Relations Act. The campaign also sought new ways to extend the coverage of living wage ordinances. While the limited coverage of many previous decisions to those employed by city contractors, is now more or less a third of the minimum subsistence laws on the books cover a city service contractors and firms receiving economic development assistance of the City (Mincer 2006). A handful of these laws are another step forward, extending the minimum subsistence requirements for contractors and lessees of these subsidized companies (I compute the difference in th e shopping centre was built with government subsidies or reduced tax responsibility tower cleaning contractor). More recently, the campaign of Berkeley and Santa Monica have broadened the concept of a living wage in time further, demanding a living wage by major employers located in highly developed areas of the waterfront tourists. encounter As successes such as these mountains, it becomes inevitable opposition. The main players among the interests of business against the cost of living will not be a surprise to readers here. They have a food service and hospitality that benefit low-wage labour - including the National Federation of Independent Business and National Restaurant Association - and the local chambers of commerce. in the first place the victory in Santa Monica, great plot hotels sought to crush the living wage effort to labour the initiative false living wage ballot that would have covered almost no work and are included in the small print that prohibits future liv ing

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 59

Nursing research - Essay ExampleThe next process go forth involve identifying where I pull up stakes apply the instruments of research by identifying any risks, accessibility, and relevance of the data. Finally, I keep to establish that data collection will be effective by ensuring that the instructions were clear bandage the process of data collection was adequately supervised.Changing the status quo is a challenge that nurses face when implementing a solution that changed practice. In this case, it is notnaturalforpeople to accept the introduction of changes easily while they were inclined to one routine in their practice. However, there are various ways through which a healthcare facility can ensure that the proposed change was implemented and accepted by all members of staff in an easy approach. By involving members of staff in every step of the process of designing the solution, members of staff will accept the proposed change due to their involvement with

Customer Relationship Management and its implication to the Essay

Customer Relationship Management and its innuendo to the Information operate and Business Strategy - Essay ExampleThe author of the essay Customer Relationship Management and its implication to the Information Flow and Business Strategy comes to the interesting conclusions. The author of this research paper assumes that any self-made business to daytime operates in a very competitive and complex environment. The competition is increasing day by day the margins are shrinking. Several environmental factors are affecting the profit margins of the companies. These factors are relate to each other and at the same time it is also influencing the internal factors of the establishment. Organizations need to fulfill the expectations of whole its stake holders. There is always a need to understand the complex environment and consumer behavior on continuous basis so that the market is served properly with right solution, at right time with reliable profit margins. Customer relationship Ma nagement now has become key to any successful organization is a vast and complex area of studies. This helps the organizations to serve their customers effectively, efficiently and profitable, get competitive leverage on the database, standardize the all the customer touch points in the organization, smoothen the marketing and sales activities. The projects which have strategically proven positive investments are those which are successful in socio-technical dimensions. The author also discusses such topics as business intelligence, knowledge management, and effective and efficient business intelligence systems.

Multiple paragraphs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multiple paragraphs - Essay ExampleI remain my blind to inspire my audience to be able to make change just as I did, and to fulfill their dream of what they are passionate about. Again, there is neither right nor wrong in make a hobby into a job, nor making a passion into reality and so they need to be their own strain, and take charge for their own life.Bill does not think his art is great, but he likes how he actually uses bold colors, flashy accessories and trends in the making of his art. Although he sees some technical issues, his art always puts people in light because he seeks the beauty that people wear on the alley and finds it. His art changed him, for example, he started to find beauty in his own interactions with people, better than before and will lam to look in his eyes like a genuine human being. He became engaged in life that is because his natural enthusiasm and joy that he cannot help to uplift everyone. Cunninghams art would regularise other peoples lives, b ecause he tends to know much about people without judging them in his art and tends to bring the beauty in them.His art has an underlying message which is no matter how you do or look like you will find the beauty within you and you will have a light that will shine on you, so dont let people judge you, judge yourself

Explore the ways in which Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth and Browning presents the speakers in Porphyria’s Lover, My Last Duchess and the Laboratory Essay Example for Free

Explore the focuss in which Shakespe atomic number 18 presents maam Macbeth and brown presents the talkers in Porphyrias Lover, My extend Duchess and the research lab EssayShakespeare presents Lady Macbeth in such a way that she is shown as a strong and motiveful adult female. Her ability to manipulate Macbeth to carrying out Duncan in order to get more power is a key face of this aspect of her character. Browning also presents his speaker systems in a homogeneous way to Shakespeare through their need to control. The main way that both authors achieve this is through the use of language. Techniques such as rhyming couplets and semantic knit stitchs are used to emphasise the control that the characters have or fatality to achieve. Additionally, a range of imagery is used throughout all of the texts, allowing the reader to gain an understanding of the characters. In their writing Shakespeare and Browning dont follow the general patriarchal society which hurls the mur ders so exorbitant and odd as women werent slackly thought of as thought of murder or committing a murder.Lady Macbeth tries to gain power by pushing Macbeth to murder Duncan, when she says she would have dashd the brains out, had she so sworn as Macbeth/ Has done to this. This shows Lady Macbeth victimisation horrific imagery to manipulate Macbeth into murdering Duncan as she is truism if she would dash the brains out of her own child, he should be competent to murder Duncan. Lady Macbeth wants to be more male so she feels more superior to Macbeth. Lady Macbeth uses violent imagery, which proposes that she isnt the stereotypical woman that society suggests.The idiom dash the brains out of her own child shows she is prepared to do anything to gain power. In the 17th century women were seen as nurturing and caring so to be thinking about murdering her own child would be seen as horrific. In a similar way Brownings poem The science laboratory also uses a transition of imager y however here he particularly focuses on the imagery of death. The use of an exclamation immortalize at the end of And Pauline should have just thirty minutes to live shows the speaker is harebrained at the prospect of murdering her partners mistress as it is as though she is speaking in a loud or excited tone. The use of imagery just thirty minutes shows that she likes the wring and the short time scale for murder. By doing this it emphasises the womans psychotic behaviour as women were generally not meant to even be thinking about murder never mind excited for it.In all three of Brownings poems the speakers use self-justification for their actions. In Porphyrias Lover the speaker justifies murdering his lover. When the speakers says From pride, and vainer ties dissever,/ And give herself to me forever, he justifies murdering his lover he believes that, because she is a higher class than him, she cannot truly love him and is likewise proud to be with him. As there was no proof that the woman was release to love him he is using his deluded temper as an excuse for murdering her. In a similar way in The Laboratory the fine-tuneer also uses self-justification. The speaker describes The soul from those masculine eyes. This shows the speaker criticizing the enemy to make it human face more acceptable that she is murdering someone. In society a woman is not generally thought of as a murderer, so by her describing the victim as a masculine person she is trying to make her actions reasonable.Shakespeare and Browning both use semantic field of love and death with Browning particularly focalisation on possession in Porphyrias Lover. When the speaker says she was mine, mine he implies he loves her so much that he wants to kill her so that no one else can have her. This is showing the speakers narcissist constitution because he would rather her be dead so she cant be with anyone else. This is similar to Shakespeares work as Lady Macbeth and Macbeth see the power as their possession. An practice session of semantic field of death in Macbeth is when Lady Macbeth says who should against the murderer shit the door. This contrasts with the semantic field of love in Macbeth. Through this juxtaposition, Shakespeare shows that lady Macbeth is willing to use her love as a convey to manipulate Macbeth she will use her love to control him, no matter what the cost.In both Macbeth and Brownings The Laboratory, the speakers use masks, both literal and metaphorical, to describe up their psychotic behaviour. An example of this is in The Laboratory where the speaker says Now that I, tying thy glass mask tightly. Here, her mind is becoming fragmented and she isliterally concealing herself from others as she protects herself from the fumes. In Macbeth Lady Macbeth urges Macbeth to put the mask of a murderer back on- Was the hope drunk/Wherein youd dress yourself? which suggests Macbeth is feeling guilty. If he adopts a faade hell be able to kill without feeling remorse and no one will suspect them. This also implies that they are hiding their true personality and putting on a mask to hide what they are really going to do. People today still put on an act to hide their true feelings Shakespeare and Brownings texts allow the modern audience to relate to this universal concept.Browning and Shakespeare both present their speakers as mentally disturbed but use rhyming couplets as a way to create stability to cover up their true personality. In The Laboratory the speaker and her motivations are seen as troubling and sinister so using rhyming couplets, which creates a predictable pattern acts as an attempt to mask their true personality the pattern attempts to impose a structure in her life. Browning also uses rhyming couplets in My stopping point Duchess to also create stability to mask the speakers deranged personality the couplets are limited, as is the Duchesss life, so it suggests that the Duke has a level of structural control alt hough he was unable to control her behaviour. In a similar way Shakespeare also uses rhyming couplets but uses them to show lady Macbeths firmness of decision Away, the sneer the time with fairest show/False face must hide what the false heart, doth know. Here Macbeth has given into Lady Macbeths persuasion and had made his final decision on murdering Duncan. Using rhyming couplets seems misplaced as they are orderly yet a murder isnt. Shakespeare was influenced by The Gunpowder Plot as the combine between Guy Fawkess plan to kill the king and Lady Macbeths idea to kill King Duncan was very similar in a way that it was unnatural to kill the king and go against what God has chosen.Shakespeare shows Lady Macbeth thinking and talking about murder Browning also uses a woman as a murderer in The Laboratory. Both authors use women to show how horrific the murder really is, as women were seen as caring, mother figures who were automatically seen as kind and loving- so for women to be thi nking of murder shows their psychotic personality and rebellionagainst social expectations. An example of this is when Lady Macbeth says unsex me here, which shows Lady Macbeth wanting to become more masculine, so she will be more capable of murder. By Shakespeare presenting Lady Macbeth in this way shows us that Lady Macbeth is capable of anything which is seen as unusual because women werent generally seen as be able to do a lot of things men were. Another example of this concept is in The Laboratory when the speaker says Sure to taste sweetly. This shows that the speaker finds pleasure in murdering someone.The speakers in My Last Duchess and Lady Macbeth are both arbitrary and possessive. In My Last Duchess the speaker says the metaphor Taming a sea-horse. which suggests that the Duke has a controlling personality as it is like he is treating the Duchess as a slave and modelling her into what he wants her to be. The Duke shows he is controlling possessive as he says Thats my l ast Duchess painted on the wall by using the possessive my the Duke show us his true personality as he is saying the Duchess was, and still is, his. An example of possessiveness from Macbeth is Only look up clearleave the rest to me. This shows Lady Macbeth being assertive and taking charge showing us her controlling and manipulative personality. By doing this it shows us that Lady Macbeth is the one who was the about power hungry as she is taking control and sorting everything out it also shows that Macbeth is quite bashful when it comes to Lady Macbeth because he just follows her orders. As women were seen as weaker than men, Lady Macbeth has to use Macbeth to get what she wants.In remnant both Browning and Shakespeare present the characters as powerful and manipulative. Browning uses pronouns in both The Laboratory and My Last Duchess in order to show the relationships between the characters. Shakespeare also uses role reversal as he uses a woman telling a man what to do inst ead of the other way around this could consequently be seen as subverting traditional gender roles. In this century a woman telling a man what to do is not seen as unusual but in the 17th century it wasnt seen as the standard thing.

U. S. student population Essay Example for Free

U. S. student population Es labelThe sources indicate that there are see individual differences among learners which order canvassing whitethorn not be sensitive to. Racial discrimination screw occur indoors the confines of a testing facility when certain questions included in the test are more approbative to certain ethnic, religious, or social groups or if they are less favor satisfactory to others. This weakness of standardized tests have already been acknowledged back in the Clinton administration when the Educational commitment claimed that SAT scores do not reveal all of the competencies of those who take them. A particular practice that depicts the failure of standardized tests in measuring individual sketch competence is the case of Hope who was an able education student who could not pass licensure testing despite of her high marks in practical examinations and demo teaching exercises because she has a disorder that makes her read slower than normal. Presentati on America is the melting canful of human diversity. Its population is composed of so galore(postnominal) different ethnicities, religions, cultures, socioeconomic and sociopolitical stratifications that its minorities are the majority.It is needless to say that these differences naturally find their way in all aspects of American life, especially in education. However the line of work arises when the way that the school system expects students to perform is to be measured by standards that are not reliable to all. Standardized testing is the administration of a single, uniform evaluation upon all the members of the population. From standardized tests, a mathematical operation of the individual relative to the group can be measured and inferences as to which college he or she qualifies in are made.This means that the results of standardized tests basically dictate what a student is in force(p) enough to do in the academic world. It is therefore of utmost importance that such t ests are conducted in a fair, unperceptive manner and that the tests themselves give equal chances to all to be able to show what they can do. However, the individual differences of students in terms of their language proficiencies, learning, styles, and social and cultural inclinations seriously lead to such standardized tests being dyed towards or against certain groups.The American public school system is composed of a great many students who are using English as a Second Language. These people who come from Asia, the Middle East, or Latin America have as much right as the next student to be able to perform to the best of his or her ability during standardized tests. However, when it is considered that all such tests are worded in formal English, the discrimination against these groups becomes apparent.A student can be a genius at coalescency but if he does not understand terminologies used because he is more used to dealing with their Spanish or Arabic counterparts, it can be expected that he would perform poorly in a calculus exam. There is no question that the English language should be a part of standardized testing and it is, but allowing students who cannot speak English so well no alternatives in taking tests on other topics such as science and mathematics means that the system is forcing them to take English exams careless(predicate) of what subject is written on the test booklet.In any subject, learning is not supposed to be limited within the confines of the pencil and the paper. In science, experiments are conducted in order to verify laws plot of ground enhancing students competence with various equipment. The competencies that students gain in this manner cannot be tested by multiple choice questions on an SAT examination. The worlds future rocket scientists may not be so keen at memorization but they could be excellent at practical application of theories and concepts.However, standardized testing may well cut off any chances that they c ould have to become NASA pilots on the dot because they are not good at multiple choice tests, something that they would hardly need when theyre up in space unalike students have different learning styles, this applies to how students are evaluated as well. If standardized testing would restrict evaluation to nevertheless pencil and paper multiple choice items, then it is closing its doors to all the many other learners who just happen to be naturally attuned to other equally important aspects of learning.Lastly, points of discrimination can be within questions themselves. A standardized test that concentrates too much in using examples in football games when with child(p) dilate to math problems would confuse those who do not follow the game from answering the questions correctly. Including opinionated, political details to questions about comprehension can distract students from responding. All of these biases should be weeded out of any test that is to be administered to the U. S. student population. Standardized testing is supposed to have the value of giving everyone an equal shot.It is supposed to nurture equality among all existing groups and fairness towards obtaining opportunities. However, evidences sow that the exact opposite may be happening. The trustworthy use of standardizes testing is disenfranchising various lingual, learning, and cultural groups from being able to fully express their academic competence. This is a grave problem for the educational system which should be addressed promptly and effectively. Students, educators, and government should all work together to be able to revamp this system of evaluation to standards that are truly fair.

The Organizational Change Essay Example for Free

The organisational Change EssayA. What is shapingal transplant? Organizational commute is a termination utilize to describe a total all overhaul of an organisation. This refers to a big scale varys to suit the current c been in indigences. There ar umpteen reasons. Sometimes at that place is deficiency for an organisation to qualify ch wholeenges arising like neck to neck competition, retrenchments or massive lay offs. It may overly involve rude(a)found changes in technology and an organisation might want to adopt or re-fix the tender structure in their work places. tout ensemble this go forth affect the work operations and environment of an organisation.Organizations sometimes might scrape up need to merge with opposite related organisation this entrust force both organisation to restructure (McNamara, 2008). Basic Context for Organizational Change An extreme markets battle has forced m any memorial tablets to adopt many ways to survive. An giving m edication might have been offering quality services or rather wanting(p) services hence need to adopt modern technology. This bottomland non be done with extinct know how, it take ins in profundity information ab out(p) how and how effective the change will be.Organizational change send away be in truth expensive, some brass section are on favor for minimal changes as they review the effect of the new change. These small changes act as stepping stones for more changes to accrue for instance lay offs this is a very expensive assignment to an scheme. It is primary(prenominal) to learn that organisational change requires lots of funding (Darby Mcglynn, 2000, p13). Though this rout out ask desirable renewal, it is a painful undertaking especially where finance is concern.At the end of the day an makeup should evaluate its attainments brought about by the big change Organization change is a very skillful procedure it requires intellectuals, skil direct person or special ist who has an insight understanding about the running, management and all other that pertain administration. The entire running and management will be approached very differently of an organization. It entails new procedures and regulations to be followed by the organizations management and entire work force (Darby Mcglynn, 2000, p13). Every organizational change presents new raft and approach.Accomplishment of the targeted goals and result is now viewed in another perspective this is because the change might come up with new challenges. The duties and roles of either exclusive worker changes, others might be engrossed hence need for eitherone involved to specialize on ones best subject. Its noteworthy to learn that every each organizational change shakes all the running of an organization from the top level to bottom and realise new sense of direction. After organization change is accomplished efficiency should be expected and redundance eliminated (Darby McGlynn, 2000, p. 13).B. Forces for and resistance to organizational changeOrganizational change is viewed as a life circle and every organization should undergo in assemble to survive both internal and external pressures. It is very sound given other forces surrounding the change are ensnare into account. Emergence of new technology can compel an organization to embrace and adopt, for the benefits and break inment of an organization. Computerization of an organizations department is a perfect(a) example of technology changes especially those which have been carrying on their duties manually Such office automation comes with more efficiency and reliability in executing duties (Darby McGlynn, 2000, p13 ).Another example is the admission of automated teller machines by banks, despite their cost they are accurate and efficient s compared to bank clerks. In that connection it can led a bank into providing more products and services to their clients and customers, competitiveness needfully for more supply in the market, change of services products. For any organisational change to take place it need profound consultation in relation to the targeted results. Its result and final achievement should be tangible and convincing (McNamara, 2008).C. Evolutionary and revolutionary change in organizationsEvolutionary change The change within the organization should be triple-crown and constant much(prenominal) that it does not arouse any massive upheavals within and without the organization. Major increase and progress in any organization is dependant on the degree of change in the new ideas and how the affected react to it. The organizations need to check at what their users want and supply them appropriately. The use of the collective intelligence and accessible networking within the organization is evolutionary since it move ons the blending of different good ideas towards the progress of the organization.Exploration of tangled situations and involving everybody to partic ipate intermsof decision fashioning is also evolutionary to an organization (Casey, 2008). Attracting mess to your vision as a manager within an organization plays a very important role in persuading them to buy into your outcome products, since this will give them a since of feeling that their contributions are very appreciated. Initiatives are the best way to introduce implement and institutionalize view and on-going renewal.The involvement of many people in operational problem solving evolves to Participative Management Problem which is a profit share-out program that increases productivity and employee involvement across the board (Miraglia, 1994). For the renewal of any organization it calls for the organization to improve on its response to customer needs and increase its willingness to experiment with multi-function structures and teams which are led by entrepreneurial spirit. The management layers also need to be scrutinized and reduced and the ineffective functions scrap ped off.Determining better ways of pushing responsibilities to every section of the organization without any inconvenience is evolutionary. The creation and continuation of complex activities like efforts in training and quality management processes brings better changes to an organization. This calls for the keeping of simultaneous changes to move in relationship to each other rather than in isolation (Casey, 2008). Revolutionary Change The organizations dont look to their users in order to try and adjust on what users are willing to adapt to on a large scale.The situation by which most organizations only look for the way to sell out their big products without considering the taste of the consumers is revolutionary since they force the consumers into doing new things they are not comfortable with. The abrupt introduction of or addition new technology within the organization is sometimes very disruptive since it will require quite a bit of training which will consume sometime to all ow for valuation reserve (Miraglia, 1994). The time taken by the organization to sell out its ideas sometimes can be longer.This can be due to disagreements across the decision reservation board which delays the implementation processes. Within any organization the implication for the Human resources need to seen as not only just to preserve and teach mature lessons, vocabulary and assumptions but also to lead in the change processes, study of versatile models, teaching and load-bearing(a) new vocabulary and also be at the forefront of the encouraging continuous learning and sharing of knowledge The critical business issues like entrance into emerging markets and new product development fructify a revolutionary change into the organization.The competition by related organizations also poses a challenge (Miraglia, 1994). D. Managing the Organizational Change Since an organization is a group or an connection made by people who come together with different thoughts and opinions with an aim of achieving certain goals, therefore an organization is made up of individuals and in order for organizational change to be successful there are different principles which should be considered. First an individual has got to achieve personal change which gives a positive approach to the change by applying it.Thoughtful planning and implementing sensitivity is another crucial principle to boost the organizational change. Consultation and involvement of the individuals affected by the organizational change is important since forcing of changes to an individual will cause problems (Kotter, 2002). The organizational change must be real, measurable and also achievable. These characteristics are relevant in the management of individual changes. Before the commencement of organizational change management, there are questions which are supposed to be taken into reflexion.Organizational achievements, why, and how will an organization know if it has achieved the changes. Who th e changes have affected and their reactions, how much of the change can be achieved and what parts of the change which are needed with help. These lets are in strong relation to the management of the Organizational change (Kotter, 2002). For proper management, change needs to be understood and managed in such a way that people can successfully cope with. The director is the settling pressure.The affected organization or individuals need to agree with the change, understand the need for change and also be given a chance to decide on how the change will be managed and also they should be involved in the application and planning of the change (Kotter, 2002). Confronting each other is the best way to undertake susceptible issues of organizational change management. People or employees need to encourage their, manager to talk face to face to them if they are of help to the manager in managing the organizational change. move mails through internet and writing notices are the weakest ways of communication and enlargement understanding. If there is urgent change to be made in an organization, the reasons should be investigated and also its urgency is real. Also their needs to be consideration if the consequences of accepting the rational time-frame can be more devastating rather than taking control over the unsuccessful change. Fast changes in organizations avoid proper consultations and involvement and these leads to complications and more times is consumed when it comes to solving the issues (Kotter, 2002).For successful management for an organizational change, top management in an organization should be involved. This brings out reliability, ideas and expressiveness from the champions. Change is achieved when carried out as a group. The change representative always has a role of carrying out translation of the vision to a practical plan and also carries out the plan. Change communication is required to be stock with all the affiliates of the organization. For cha nge to be maintained, the organizations composition needs to be given an amendment by either making course of actions, guiding principles and also deliberate plans.Such kind of change in the constructions of an organization characteristically involves re-freezing process and an unfreezing change (Mc Namara, 2008). E. Organizational Development Organizational Development is a challenge which gives potency to the organizational members in order for expansion to take place in peoples out-of-doorsness with each other concerning their opinions of the association and their experiences in the organization. This encourages members to take greater accountability for their own deeds as members of the organization.In organizational development the assumption is that when people practice the purposes simultaneously, there is a likeliness of organizations finding out new techniques of working together and hence there is achievement of the organizational goals (Nielsen, 1984, pp2-3). The final thought of organizational expansion is that organizations are social arrangements. Their aim is to increase long term presentation and physical condition of the organization as well as to also improve lives of its associates.The organizational development loom stresses on organization understate which manipulates the way people perform their duties using organizational change based on exploration and achievement (Toolpack Consulting surveys, 2008). By using planned modification based on research, there is increase in motivation, emptying of obstructions and easier change. The perfect is an organization where there is constant improvement which is rampant in a way that it is not expected as a proposal.Organizational Development, changes the performances, shared beliefs and values, of the organization by working with technical and social systems like incentives, communication, work processes and civilization (Toolpack Consulting surveys, 2008) Organizational Development assists an o rganization in authorizing leaders and individuals workers. It also creates a culture of constant improvement and arrangement around shared achievements. There is easier and faster change making. All the minds of the employees are put to task. Organizational Development also enhances momentum and quality of choices.There is also helper by the Organizational Development in beneficial conflict making rather than negative. Also leaders are given more control over the outcome by giving workers more authority over how they do their tasks (Toolpack Consulting surveys, 2008). There are different benefits which the Organizational Development has achieved, they include satisfaction to its customers, individual feeling of success, and profits by reducing costs for non profits, improvement suppleness of the organization, they have also achieved strong point of the costs as well as living, occupation and employment satisfaction.Objectives of organizational development are notice in an organi zation where, the needs of the customers are always recognized and thought about by the managers and the workers, also people get remunerations for success instead of failure of innovation or creativity hence there is high improvement. The construction and processes are based on the present requirements rather than in the past needs hence there is efficiency and assistance offered to people (Tool pack consulting surveys, 2008).Also in an organization, organizational development s objectives are achieved when in an organization there is constructive resolving and conflict treatment. Hence this is used for modernization with no suppression and lack of intrusion with efficiency. The system of rewarding strengthens the organizational wellbeing. Also open communication is boost in both imaginative and straight and hence all the appropriate feelings are distributed and due to this, people can learn from the experience.Decisions are required to be made by people with most related, express knowledge (Toolpack Consulting surveys, 2008). Conclusion Organizational Change is a very crucial feature which brings about wide change in any organization with the aim of assisting the organization achieves its goals strategically. Such changes include, restructuring of ego managed teams, new technologies, collaborations, mission changing and also changing of the complete Management of Quality. Hence there is transformation of the organization.This designates essential as well as elementary orientation in the way that the association operates (Mc Namara, 2008). In order for this change to take place successfully, individuals play a very important role in the organization. Hence there opinions and achievements as well as there aims are very crucial and require to be put into consideration. And this will only be possible with the application of some principles which once put into practice the change becomes successful (Kotter, 2002).Since communication is important to the success of any organizational change efforts, it is important for face to face communication since it is believed to be strong as compared to sending mails and notices. Motivation should be encouraged amongst the organization by rewards, incentives etc. Organizational Development is of great benefit to organizations since it brings about profits, satisfaction both at work and in life. Also goals are achieved due to the Organizational Development efforts (Tool pack Consulting surveys, 2008).

Where we were, Where we are, Where we going Essay Example for Free

Where we were, Where we argon, Where we going EssayIntroductionIn the latermath of study scandals and bail bulges in the fall in States, the worlds and the universes assumption in public corporations, has been shaken. With the tell scandals of Enron and other corporations in the United States, the faith in public corporations fell as fast as the bloodlinepile market. Investors had no confidence in corporations or in their rooms. Measures fatalityed to be taken to fashion regulations to provide stronger accountability, to pr until nowt these types of scandals from happening and to rebuild the confidence of investors. Corporate governance of publicly traded companies was no thirster an natural selection, it became a must. The public and the media demanded laws to protect hereafter investors and shareowners (Colley, Jr, Doyle, Logan, Stettinius, 2005). With most of the worlds financial markets in crisis and recession, the public has become much more(prenominal) awar e of bodily decision maker fee plans. Executive compensation has been an on-going retort for many years. There has been a great amount of controversy over how decision makers profit structure is intentional and who judges, oversees and determines administrators carry.As the scales get tipped on what administrators are getting paid versus employee standard wages, the public is ever on the watch for the next unified scandal. Boards are always challenged by what executives repair should be found off of this could be performance, industry standards or percentage of revenue. Boards admit to determine the base salary, values or unmindful term and long term options that testament be offered (Colley, Jr, Doyle, Logan, Stettinius, 2005).This typography will look at the former(prenominal) turn offs of executive compensation that lacked disclosure and transparence, current trends that are being used today in pay in the United States and Canada and future trends that should be used when it comes to executive compensation and executive pay methods. This paper will excessively give some recommendations that Canada should adopt.Past Trends in Executive CompensationFrom the original interruption of the New York Stock exchange in 1792 executive compensation (Bruvik Whitney Gibson, 2011, p. 74) existed. In the early 1900s stock options of stock awards, stock purchases, stock appreciation rights (cash bonuses) and freestanding dividend equivalents were formed (Bruvik Whitney Gibson, 2011) and still exist today. During this time executive compensation was very private and did non redeem transparency or regulations. It was not until the market crashed in 1913 that the public was becoming more aware of executive inflated wages, and compensation for executives. In 1933 Securities Act order was passed that required disclosure of stock sales to the public.Then came the introduction of laws that limited fringes (perks) this made executive compensation more rank(a) and created more awareness for the public. But in 1983 Ronald Regans administration dropped regulations and this changed the level of transparency once again and this would eventually lead to indiscretions in executive pay. This caused an artificial rise in stock market values and increase misuse of stock options thus the elevation of executives salaries. The United States Governments lower marginal tax to 33%, which changed the quality of management, because as long an executives increased shareholders wealth the salaries of executives had very little regulations (Bruvik Whitney Gibson, 2011).In 2001 the Enron scandal, executives inflated their earnings and overvalued their stock prices when they knew the company was going under. fourth-year executives cashed their stock options profiting while investor and employees of Enron lost everything. The numerous corporate scandals such as Enron, Jack rip off chief executive officer of General Electric, TYCO, and WorldCom creat ed distrust in public corporations and cost investors billions (Bruvik Whitney Gibson, 2011, p. 78). In order to increase confidence in public firms, a change was needed in regulations and legislation.This led to the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002. SOX focused on corporate governance issues within a firm and led to rules of usage for boards of directors. Although SOX does not have mandates for executive compensation it does address how the compensation committee should be independent and how they should govern themselves. This has become very detailed legislation to aid in ethical practices in public corporation executive compensation (Bruvik Whitney Gibson, 2011). period Trends in Executive CompensationThe main foundation of executive compensation has not changed, it is designed to commit, inspire, prod and in the end retain the superior talent in the management world. In 2008 a regime fund TARP was created to purchase troubled assets from financial institutions (Bruvik W hitney Gibson, 2011, p. 79). TARP funds put restrictions on executive compensation by restricting paying out bonuses, limiting the Golden Parachutes, denial of benefits and used clawbacks if executive compensation was based on misleading statements (Bruvik Whitney Gibson, 2011). In order to receive TARP funding, firms have to practice the US mandatory Say on compensation which was implemented in January 2011.The United Kingdom has also implemented the Say on remuneration concept. The Say on Pay is a concept that shareholders should be given a nonbinding vote on board of directors recommendations on executive pay (Mangen Magnan, 2012, p. 86). Say on Pay concept increases shareholders activism within when it comes to the pay policies and practices (Geddes, n.d, p. 22). Current trends for public corporations for executive pay is to use polices and committees that structure the compensation.This pay should be transparent and increase the long-term shareholder value. Stock option inc entives should be restrictive, meaning they cannot be sold for a set amount of years or until after resignation. Corporations have still not restricted the pay of top executives and the total compensation is still quite elevated compared to that of the regular employee. A great number of firms feel that to retain good quality CEOs some pay incentives have to be competitive.Corporations feel that superior incentives for executives (and traders whose actions can substantially stupor an organization) to manage firms in investors longer-term interest (Romano Bhagat, 2009, p. 1). Corporations continue to struggle with the balance of reward based compensation that ensures future results and increases shareholders wealth in the short and long term (Colley, Jr, Doyle, Logan, Stettinius, 2005). Executive compensation packages will continue to need to be governed by compensation committees to hold the confidence of the public, shareholders and the market.How Canada Measures UpAs hold for thed earlier the United States on with United Kingdom has adopted the mandatory practice of Say on Pay which has increased shareholder involvement in the pay structure of their executives. Canada has not implemented this practice to be mandatory, even though it is, recommended as the best practices for firms. The five big banks in Canada have adopted the Say on Pay methodology (Mangen Magnan, 2012). In January 2012 the Huffington Post stated that Canadian CEOs are reluctant to discuss that executive compensation has got out of hand in Canada. The article discusses that executives incomes have continued to increase even though the wages of average Canadians have remained stationary.The article interviewed Fraser Institutes Niels Veldhuis and he stated When you annunciate for a policy that limits CEO pay what you are doing is youre signaling that were going to have even more regulations on how businesses operate here in Canada, and unfortunately, that will cause businesses to reloc ate or locate elsewhere (Mendleson, 2012). One could make the assumption that because Canada does not have the volume or the stableness that the United States does in the their corporations, that Canada is not implementing stronger regulations because of fear of losing what they have already and want to attract more corporations to Canada.At this time Canada uses a principles-based approach to governance in which standards are set and corporations are encouraged to wreak them. Compared to the United States that uses a rules-based approach that requires corporations to meet the practices and legislation (Milne, 2006). In Canada the Canadian Coalition for Good arrangement (CCGG) was formed to promote to good governance practices and recently the CCGG released the 2013 executive compensation principles. Corporations need to hold to the pastime principles 1. A significant component of executive compensation should be at risk and based on performance.2. Performance should be based on key business metrics that are aligned with corporate strategy and the period during which risks are being assumed. 3. Executives should build equity in the company to align their interests with those of shareholders. 4. A company may choose to offer pensions, benefits and severance and change-of-control entitlements. When such perquisites are offered, the company should ensure that the benefit entitlements are not excessive. 5. Compensation structure should be simple and easily understood by management, the board and shareholders.6. Boards and shareholders should actively engage with each other and consider each others perspective on executive compensation matters (Moncrieff, 2012). The principles above are the best practices for boards and corporations and are recognized to be the superior standards, nevertheless as of yet Canada does not rules or regulations to enforce these practices. The Canadian government at this point has no plan to put caps on executive compensation. At thi s point the Canadas tax laws are not in line with the compensation governance and reform is needed (Geddes, n.d).Future Trends for Executive CompensationCorporations, shareholders and boards are faced with meeting higher standards when it comes to executive compensation. This will mean adopting the Say on Pay and this trend is what is needed. Compensation committees must remain independent, transparent and must continue to ensure their programs attract, retain and motivate executive talent. Committees must ensure they are paying for performance that ensures long term profitability and value for two executives and shareholders (Stikeman Elliott, 2009).Recommendations for CanadaCanada needs to focus on moving towards rules and regulations and not principles and guidelines. Canada will need to reform their standards to be more unified with the rest of the worlds expectations. If Canada wants to attract more corporations to develop in Canada then they need to be the benchmark of standa rds and practices and set even higher rules and regulations to maintain level, of integrity.Executive compensation could become out of hand and it cannot just be the banks that maintain the higher standards. Canada needs to adopt the Say on Pay and make it mandatory and also move to regulations that are superior to SOX and align the tax laws to levels that keep up with executive compensation packages. Canada needs to embrace being the ethical governance leaders. ConclusionThere will always be unethical practices in executive compensation packages and it is not likely to decrease as long as there is competition and the need to retain talented CEOs, but Canadian businesses can set higher benchmark when it comes to corporate governance, executive compensation and our regulations and practices for boards of directors. We have to remain ethical, transparent and continue to disclose. This is the only way we are going maintain the public and shareholders confidence and continue to attract investors to invest.ReferencesBruvik, K., Whitney Gibson, J. (2011). The past, presentand future of executive compensation. Business Studies Journal, 3(1), pp. 69-83. Colley, Jr, J. L., Doyle, J. L., Logan, W. G., Stettinius, W. (2005). What is Corporate Goverance? New York, NY Mcgraw-Hill. Geddes, G. (n.d). Executive pay packages Compensation planning in light of increased scrutiny. Retrieved 02 08, 2013, from Gowlings http//www.gowlings.com/knowledgeCentre/publicationPDFs/Executive%20Pay%20Packages%20Compensation%20Planning.pdf Mangen, C., Magnan, M. (2012). Say on Pay A wolf in sheeps vesture? Academy Of Management Perspectives, 26(2), pp. 86-104. Mendleson, R. (2012, 01 04). Canada CEO Compensation Companies Hesitant To Debate Executive Pay. Retrieved 02 08, 2013, from The Huffington Post http//www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/01/04/canada-ceo-compensation-companies-resist-debate_n_1183800.html Milne, J. A. (2006, May). Good corporate governance, good performance. Benefits Compen sation Digest, 43(5), 34-38. Moncrieff, J. (2012, December 18). CCGG Releases 2013 principles of executive compensation. Retrieved 02 08, 2013, from Canadian Securities Law http//www.canadiansecuritieslaw.com/2012/12/articles/corporate-governance/ccgg-releases-2013-principles-of-executive-compensation/ Romano, R., Bhagat, S. (2009). Reforming executive compensation concentrate and committing to the long-term. Faculty Scholarship Series. Stikeman Elliott. (2009). Topics and trends in executive compensation wealth accumulation analysis. Retrieved 02 08, 2013, from Canadian Securities Law http//www.canadiansecuritieslaw.com/2009/05/articles/continuous-timely-disclosure/topics-and-trends-in-executive-compensation-wealth-accumulation-analysis/

Classification of Milk Essay Example for Free

Classification of take out EssayMilk is important for both children and adults because it is a source of minerals, calcium, protein and phosphorus. Currently, there are different kinds of draw products in the market. present are some types of draw based on the manufacturing process -UHT Liquid Milk UHT is stands for Ultra luxuriously Temperature Processing or Ultra Heat Treatment. It is a way to sterilize food by means of to soaring agitate process about 24 seconds at 135-140 degrees Celsius which the spores of milk is destroyed completely in that temperature. The blue temperature pasteurization processes was first discovered in the 1960s by used with the milk know as UHT milk.UHT milk can be stored at room temperature for 6-10 months compared with pasteurized milk. UHT milk free of preservatives because the package is make in six layers to keep the milk remains in a sterile condition within a specified period without other chemicals. -Milk Pasteurization Pasteurized m ilk is raw milk that passed through the heat of not less than 60 Celsius for at least 30 minutes or uses the heat of not less than 73 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds. Pasteurized milk is only lasted for 14 days if not stored in the refrigerator with a temperature of 5-7 degrees Celsius.Pasteurized milk has fresh taste and features as the natural milk. -Milk sterilization The milk will be sterilized by high heat at 120 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes and caused the whole bacteria die but the spores will still be growing. The sterilized milk is not suitable for children because some nutrients like Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2 and Vitamin C disappear during the heating process. The sterilized milk is normally packed in sealed metal cans so it can be kept up to 1-2 eld and should be stored in the refrigerator after you open it to maintain the quality of milk.-Sweetened Condensed Milk 80 degrees Celsius heating plant conducted over three hours. It is condensed milk from which water has been r emoved and to which sugar has been added. It can last for year without refrigeration if unopened. Sweetened Condensed Milk is used for cooking rather than drinking. And it contains very high sugar so it should not to use to feed the baby. -Milk Powder It is a manufactured dairy product made by evaporating milk to dryness with a spray dryer or roller dryer is 200 degrees Celsius for two hours. The designing of drying milk is to preserve it.It can be kept longer than the liquid milk and does not indispensableness to be refrigerated. Milk has been one of the most widely consumed foods since a long time. However, it may not be benefiting us much, or may even be harming us. This paper of the advantages and disadvantages of milk can help you find out what kind of milk is the best for yourself and your family. Reference Admin (JUNE 6, 2011),Various Types of Milk Based on The Manufacturing Process. Retrieved November,17 ,2011 from http//gorgeoushealthyme. com/various-types-of-milk-based -on-the-manufacturing-process/.

Catherines Monologue Essay Example for Free

Catherines Monologue look forA few minutes earlier, when I was dancing with Rodolpho to Paper Doll, I started thinking. I started thinking how oft my life had changed these past few months, and how much I switch changed. My life has changed in that I have two new people in it, one of which I think I love. I have a job and I now feel more independent. Its a good feeling. Well thats set the scene for you, I see its time to let it each(prenominal) out. Eddie has been like a surrogate give to me. Ive always felt comfortable around him Ive been able to run out to himbut lately, all that security has just dissolved. Its some the opposite. We cant have a normal conversation without fighting. I mean for example, a few geezerhood ago I came home with Rodolpho from a movie at the paramount. I started telling him about movie, I was so excited. But all he did was start-shooting questions as me, Whered you go? Brooklyn dominant? Of course I went to Brooklyn Paramount Where else w ould I go? He knows that I wouldnt go to New York Then he tells Rodolpho he wants to talk to me alone.He starts telling me how he never sees me anymore, his face looked so sad. I started to reassure him, that of course he still saw me, it was just Rodolpho wanted to do so much, see so many things, so I take him. Suddenly he asked me, Do you like him? I answered, Yes, and it all went d receive knoll from there. He started saying horrible things like, Rodolpho was only interested in my to gain citizenship and how he was only use me and had no respect for me. That wasnt Eddie speaking. I had never known Eddie to be like that ever.Sure, he had always been sparingly over- nurseive, but never like this before. After the incident B came and talked to me. She told me how I had to grow up. Be my own person make him understand that I wasnt a little girl anymore. She pointed out things to me that I had never noticed before, like how I used to walk around in front of him in my film editing or sit on the edge of the bathtub and talk to him while he was shaving in his underwear. I never even thought about that before. But B, she notices these things sharp.I dont know, she just seemed really raring(predicate) for me to get out of the house, get married, leave. She even asked me if I thought she was avaricious of me When she said that, I had never thought about it before. But since she has said that, Ive started to think about it more and more. Could B be jealous? Of me? Its absurd B, who is so kind, and sweet and who I love so much like a mother, be jealous of me? It just doesnt fit. I dont know why I even thought of it. I guess Im just thinkin crazy these days. And last of all, Rodolpho.I think I love him, actually I am quite sure now, I do love him. Should I marry him? What other option do I have? Like B said, I cant just stay here all my life. But the thing is, Im scared. Im scared of Eddie. I didnt think I would ever say that, but its the truth. When I say Eddie a nd Rodolpho boxing, and the look on Eddies face, I knew somethin wasnt right. Beatrice didnt get it, I think Marco did. Maybe hes just doing it to protect me? He protects me because he loves me that makes sense. But sometimes I think Eddie loves me too much, and thats what scares me.

Philosophy of life Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of smell EssayI do not come from the humanness of development as such I do not exact work examples to sh ar. I make believe many situations in my passkey life I can think of where issues related to ethics atomic number 18 of importance. What life has told me that very often the answer is I do not know and that Ethics is very often a luxury that is not understood. Ounce at worked in a new job, in a financial software sales position I was in my first week offered a woman. see morewhat is your philosophy of lifeBy this I mean, it was a fellow fe young-begetting(prenominal) beau who was known to be available and instead of working made sure to have interactions with some of male colleagues. I was literally told that she was available and that I should go for it. She in the next few days, quite clearly spent fourth dimension around my desk and it was rather obvious what was expected of me. Since I decided not to residuum with her, I put myself in a difficult situ ation, I had literally to look at obscenity in the office and made sure other guys saw it and make many sexist and homophobic ( I am for gay rightlys) statements so at no time it could be thought I was gay.( which I am not) How do you deal with a situation comparable this? I considered that for obvious chaste reasons to have sexual intercourse with her was sick, still society told me it is the opposite. By following my own code of set I did create a difficult work environment for myself. Ethics sometimes can be a luxury. In another situation I was asked to fire some nonpareil who had done nothing treat because that individual happened to be the ex-assistant of the preceding ceo/founder of the company and that new ceo was unhappy of the communication channel arrangement they had made and the only way he could get revenge was by firing her.Of course, he did not have the balls to do this so he asked me to do it. I decided not to do it. I was aware that the boyfriend of this assi stant was out of work, I did try to push her to work harder so she resented me for it. She was not aware of what was happening. The ceo that hired me resented me for not doing do. I was in a difficult situation. Yes this was a toxic environment and I left very quickly from this company (she did get fired so my attitude changed nothing).Again, ethics/confrontation to reality, often do conflict. I happened to be at a time to have the financial means that allowed me to say no. Still, I paid the price for my choice. More when I think about ethics, my vision is that we all have only a certain number of right choices we can allow ourselves in our life and that the rest of the time we just need to follow the herd. Sadly, toilsome to do the right thing, trying to follow a certain way of interacting is just not possible. hoi polloi behave within their existing environment and the code that comes with it and human mediocrity is everywhere.Yes, I still do value a healthy outlook on how I wan t to interact with others, still life has told me that often it is just not possible. I have other stories similar to the one discussed. I have leant from life that people lie to themselves and can tell themselves many stories that justify their conduct and by repeating it again and again they can convince themselves about it.Sadly, my view of ethics is that it is of importance in ones personal life and should try to be implemented in ones professional life, sadly often it cannot be done. Human stupidity, arrogance of the little man who wants his power recognized are much strong elements to be acknowledge in ones decision process. Words like integrity, fairness often have many different meanings. We all live in bubbles where what is right and revile can be learnt and real life is not what is taught at University. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Project Management Institute Essay Example for Free

Project Management Institute EssayThe main need of the Project Management Institute is to make the see management indispensable for the generation of the ultimate telephone line results. PMI functions in over 170 countries having members more than 265000 at their advantage, thus making it as a stellar(a) membership association for the profession of project management.It is one among the best not-for-profit and non-political organization which conducts programs with the governments, industries and organizations to deliver the best project management programs with the best results. PMI education foundation speaks on the knowledge gaining and portraying the skills and the art for educational and brotherly welfare. PMI also promotes research and providing avenues for building up wealth of information and also indulging in offer certification, networking and activities involving the community at large, thus managing to attain its global presence and global certification in their statuesque profession. Scope of its Membership Becoming a member of the PMI institute gives an opportunity for the members to get themselves certified as a professional imparting and demonstrating the skills required thereby helping themselves in standing out in the crowd.To become a member PMI has varied plans suiting the different segments based on their needs where in there are plans for an individual for those willing to intoxicate and update the best practices in businesses, student those having academic degree program at a recognized institute, retiree having retired from active employment and has a good temperament for 5 consecutive years and those interested in renewing their memberships (renewal).The various benefits which the memberships provide include the big knowledge sharing and information search happening in generating the opportunities for themselves and the institute. It gives immense openings for capturing on the capability of acquire them networked thr ough the different PMI communities there by acquire nurtured with respect to the leadership qualities and being an active participants as volunteers in the various communities, certification programs, research programs, standard programs etc.The members also have scope of getting deviled to the knowledge resources of PMI known as the Project Management Body of Knowledge and also their career frameworks. along with this opportunity which the members can acquire, they also have an edge over non-members in terms of getting access to the various publications, journals, e-links, virtual library, eReads and References which are set by PMI.The reason one should join PMI is to allow them to be build relationships, improvise on once skills, gain the latest and the first hand information and learn some of the best known practices. Memberships in PMI showcase certain features and characteristics to the peers which indicate their enthusiasm in quality, productivity and return on investments, their seriousness about their own individual development and their own profession and last their commitment to the ethical business practices shown by the institute.The services which PMI provides to its members With respect to the career development provided to the members of PMI, the association helps in availing the Certification and the Credentials, providing an extensive job search database which is availed by Career Headquarters at PMI, Making themselves prepare by undertaking various Training and Events happening by seminar worlds, to e-learning initiatives and providing the ultimate solution to the best practices and opportunities in the field of learning and in turn meeting up to the schedules, goals and the interests of the institution.PMI also guides the members in customer services, flexibleness in changing and viewing orders, information on payment, pricing and promotions opportunities, shipping and handling assistance, privacy and security all under one umbrella kn own best for its marketplace. PMI has a strong Business Solutions impression which keeps the members get going by the challenges they have in career framework, Business and Government solutions on a global front to build up the institution on a worldwide basis and providing organisational maturity in terms of managing the projects, programs and portfolios to generate and plan for its growth.This PMI provides project management implementation and consultancy services to their members and customers by providing added benefits in terms of the latest releases, news archives, articles of interests etc. The five major groups which PMI builds upon its profession are Initiating, Planning, Executing, supervise and Controlling and closing phases and the various knowledge areas which they address to are integration, scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communications, risk management and procurement.

Corruption Essay Example for Free

corruptness experimentIntroductionIf two or more persons meet together and start talking about the move over society of India, they soon come to the conclusion that every system, every institution of India is infested with depression. Corruption has become so common in earth vivification that people are now averse to thinking of human race life without this phenomenon. MeaningBut what does Corruption actually mean?Corruption means perversion of morality, integrity, example of duty out of mercenary motives (e.g. bribery) without regard to honour, right or justice. In public life, a corrupt person is one who bestows undue favor on someone with whom he has monetary or a nonher(prenominal) interests (e.g. nepotism). Simultaneously, those who genuinely deserve those things as their right remain deprived. Not a new phenomenonCorruption in public life is not a modern phenomenon. It was prevalent in the political and civic life of even Maura period as has been discussed by Chan akya in the Arthassastra. (Give other examples) But it is only recently that Corruption has become remnant in our public life. People no longer protest against corrupt practices, commove injustice or express any shock when big scandals are exposed. Also corruption is not uniquely Indian phenomenon it is witnessed all over the world (USA, Japan, Italy, etc.) Forms of corruption in India Explain bribery, nepotism, theft and wastage of public property, dereliction of duty etc. Extent of corruption Start with a hospital where a nipper is born and move further on to education system, career opportunities, political system, judiciary, law and order, other day to day activities till post modern report and crematorium. Results of corruption Individual sufferings, people lose creed in the existing system, prevalence of chaos and anarchy, society disintegrates, country becomes weak, foreign invasion may pass by Causes of corruptionIt is a vicious circle. Start with those politicians, who run the state, come down to higher officials then to the worst rung of bureaucratic hierarchy. Lastly, come to the general people. Who elect the corrupt people as their representatives and transmit special favors from them.

Financial Analysis of Northrop Grumman Essay Example for Free

Financial Analysis of Northrop Grumman EssayThe mo interlockingary analysis of Northrop Grumman includes the examination of profitability, liquidity, and equity ratios, its 3 form old-hat hurt, as tumefy as a general financial overview of the attach to. This case study exams their fiscal schema as swell as the debt utilization and possible effects of the fiscal crisis on Northrop Grumman. This scroll com scoregons Northrop Grumman to other companies in the demurrer sector by comparing their ratios as well profitability. The paper leave provide the reader with an understanding of the financial makeup of the corporation and its current and recent military operation as well as estimates of future net take to the woods. Overview of Northrop GrummanNorthrop Grumman is one of the worlds major falsification embraceors. Northrop Grumman is an innovative confederacy that has long history of making aircraft and other crossways that support the falsifying industry. North rop Grumman is made up of the former Northrop and Grumman companies and xviii other companies that bemuse been integrated into one successful corporation. Northrop Grumman has four firsthand sectors in its seam pre cristalse aerospace systems, electronic systems, information systems, and technical services. The federation has its head cantons in Falls Church, Virginia, and production facilities across the coupled States, with major facilities in California, Virginia, and Maryland. Northrop Grumman is the third grandst falsification contractor in the world.Some of Northrop Grummans primary competitors ar Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, Boeing, and L-3 Communications Holdings, Inc. Northrop Grumman plans on remaining competitive even with the flagellum of sequestration looming over the federal organisation and the threat of an additional $ vitamin D Billion in defense cuts above the currently planned $500 billion in defense cuts. They plan on remaining competitive by being c ompetent to successfully develop and market their products, to stay ahead of the competition. This is done by reaming innovative, and providing the facilities and people to accomplish these goals of create and manufacturing new products and support businesses and governments in information technology.History of Northrop GrummanNorthrop was founded in 1939 by Jack Northrop in Hawthorne, California. The company produced its piteous aircraft in 1940, the N-3PB patrol hero for the Norwegian Air Force. The first production aircraft for the join States troops Air Force was the P-61 Black Widow. They go alongd developing aircraft for the United States Air Force, competing in the bomber contract in the mid-1940s for the long range heavy bomber contracts using his radical flying wing designs of the XB-35 and XB-49, which were in competition with the B-36 and B-47. This was a highlight of Jack Northrops development of technologically advanced aircraft.In 1959, they had the first flight of the F-5 a supersonic low cost fighter that would serve as the basis of the T-38 supersonic jet trainer for the USAF, and later on the F-20 an up gradationd version of the F-5. They besides designed the US first intercontinental ballistic missile the Shark. They observed with development of many courses culminating with the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber, currently the near advanced and expensive bomber ever reinforced for the US Air Force. In 1994 they acquired the Grumman heap and became Northrop Grumman.The Grumman Corporation swallowed out in the 1930 was submissive in the development of Naval Aircraft. They built the XFF-1, built in 1931, was the first naval aircraft with retractable get gear. The built the widely successfully naval fighters the Wildcat with the first ever sto-wing and the Hellcat one of the most successfully carrier aircraft of World War Two. Grumman pr taked to develop aircraft for the United States Navy, developing the F9F Panther, one of the United States Navys earliest jet fighters. Grumman continued to develop jet aircraft, including the A-6 Intruder family of aircraft for the Navy, as well as the F-14 Tomcat, made famous by the movie Top Gun. Most nonably the Grumman designed and built the Lunar Lander for the Apollo program.Key ProductsNorthrop Grumman is primarily involved in four related by withal trenchant industries which atomic number 18 also their lens nucleus competencies. They atomic number 18 involved in aerospace systems, electrical systems, information systems and technology systems. enfolding in these key areas allows them to point on their customers impoverishments for unnerve air systems command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) logistics, and cyber security. The company is currently involved in a many major programs for the Defense part. They are producing the RQ-4 world-wide Hawk an unmanned air system (UAS) that is the only UAS that is a llowed to fly in US airspace. They are also developing and producing agile electronically scanned array radars for the F-35 and F-16 as well as a multitude of electronic warfare systems wish well the US Navys Next Generation Jammer. The Lightning family of advanced targeting pods is also a key program within Northrop Grumman, with the Lightning Generation four reaching its 250th produced unit.Northrop Grumman is also developing the X-47b for the US Navy, which would conk them a stealth carrier launched unmanned combat air vehicle, which would be the first for the US Navy. This aircraft also made history, by being the first unmanned combat air vehicle to accomplish a catapult launch, on 29 November 2012 at the Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland (McKinney 2012). Northrop Grumman is also a partner with Lockheed Martin in building major components to the F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter Program, specifically the center fuselage and weapons bay. They also inscribe in t he civilian sector with the flat sequencing system for the US Post Office, and information systems for the Department of native land Security and public 911 services.Financial ConditionNorthrop Grumman is a financially secure company that is find outing to nurse its current status quo. According to their mensurate rake Report they were given an A++ place for financial stability. quantify Line is also estimating their 2012 revenues at $25100 one million million, which represents a decrease of $1312 million. Even though the companys revenues slang decreased since 2010, they turn in been able to maintain their strength in the defense industry. They are keep mum the third largest defense contractor even with their recent sell offs of peeledport News and Huntington Ingalls Industries, In corporated.This sell off, the drawdown in the Iraq and Afghanistan, and the decreases defense spending has led to a decrease in revenues however according to Value Time, their revenue in 2013 is estimated to be $2,500 million a decrease of only $100 million. Northrop Grumman also carriers a middle storey stupefy order of BBB+, BBB+, and Baa+ from the 3 major bond raters, S P, Finch, and Moodys. These rating supply that Northrop Grumman is stable company with an average seam price for 2012 of $63.13.Northrop Grumman Fiscal StrategyNorthrop Grummans corporate strategy can be explained in the 2011 Annual Report opening quote from CEO Web Bush, 2011 was an neat year for Northrop Grumman, affirming that our focus on performance, portfolio alignment and stiff cash deployment continues to create value for our look atholders, customers and employees and position our company positively for the future. This quote states the overall direction that CEO Web Bush is taking Northrop Grumman into the future. The key to this strategy is Northrop Grumman focusing on performance. An example of this was an earnings per share increase of 17% on diluted shares to $7.41 (Northrop Gr umman 2011). In 2011, with the spinoff of their shipbuilding department, they were able to provide, $1.6 billion in equity to their shareholders (Northrop Grumman, 2012). These actions beat all been to provide the most proceeds to their shareholders.Northrop Grumman is also focusing in on the new strategies that the Department of Defense is pursuing, with over 90% of their business with the DoD and the US government by focusing in on the growth areas of the DoD. C4ISR, unmanned systems, cyber security, and logistics are leading the way as the new focus of Northrop Grumman as they are the portions of the DoD that impart continue to grow with the current budget issues facing the Obama presidency. They are also chronic its focus on their aerospace division which is the most profitable, since Northrop Grumman is a prime contractor on the F-35 and the F/A-18, as well as the builder of the Global Hawk. They are also seeing the US budget problems as an ideal point to start pursue the i nternational market place more, like the recent sale of Global Hawks to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Their continued focus of on tuneholders value core they need to focus on their key priorities of unmanned air system, C4ISR, logistics, and cyber security.Another part of Northrop Grummans strategy is making minor and major acquisitions into other companies allowing them to expand their business, which in turn leave behind help increase stockholders value. They go forth from time to time create strategic alliances, form joint ventures, and dispose of or spinoff companies when they commit that these actions provide aid in creating more value for their stockholders. Northrop Grummans strategic plan is to continue to focus on increasing shareholder value as well as to continue to maintain their cutting march in technology and in the defense industry, and to develop systems that will support the DoD new strategies as US forces leave Afghanistan and begin to focus on the Pacific Region.The current fiscal crisis that is gripping the US, with large cuts to the defense budget, expiration of the George W. Bush tax cuts, increased tax rate, cuts to social programs, and new taxes from the Patient tax shelter and Affordable Care Ac 2010, will directly affect Northrop Grumman at all levels. However, Northrop Grumman is in a position to succeed with the cuts and tax increases and the possibility of another $500 billion in budget cuts to its largest customer, the Department of Defense in the event of sequestration, because of the companies diversity within the defense market and their mix of being the primary contractor and a subcontractor on many contracts.They plan on continuing their focus on their core industries needs of the DoD. Northrop Grumman also believes that their business is well positioned within the US government, because of the diversity of programs they are working on like the F-35 Lightning II, RQ-4 Global Hawk, Minute Man III upgra des, next generation jammer, and other classified programs. These programs, with their splendour to the US DoD will allow Northrop Grumman to remain viable during the fiscal crisis, and remain profitable. They also believe that a deal will be reached averting the crisis, and allowing business to continue.Northrop Grummans Weighted Average monetary value of smashingNorthrop Grumman has a weighted average cost of not bad(p) of 8%. This represents the low cost at which Northrop Grumman is able to procure financing. They currently maintain been secureing back down shares, which are increasing shareholders equity by making each share worth more as well they have been utilizing debt effectively. They particularly have been using bonds to buy back stock as well as for financing capital programs. They use the weighted average cost of capital as a tool in de edgeining discount rate and terminal value assumptions. The weighted cost of capital takes into consideration the recounting wei ghts of the components of their capital structure. This is used to measure the costs of new capital, and with a weighted average cost of capital at 8%, Northrop Grumman seems to balance in its approach to capital which is a sign of a fledged and financial stable company.ProfitabilityNorthrop Grumman has been a profitable company over the course of its history. In 2002 their lettuce were $697.0 million and a Value Line estimate of $2,005 million for 2012, which are almost three generation the profits of 2002. These recent profits can be attributed to the trading operations in the Middle East, particularly the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, which have increased profits in ein truth major defense contractor.Northrop Grumman plans to remain profitable during the defense cuts from 2011-2021 by continuing their excellence in their product development, manufacture and support. Failure in any of these areas will have a negative effect on their profitability. They also need to ensure that their contracts are holy on time and on budget, to ensure that with some of the current contracts and political environment that either they do not get canceled, or that they do not have continue on with their own funds. other things that could affect profitability would be a failed rocket launch or failure of a product that cannot be fixed causing a contract to be canceled.Northrop Grummans net profit margin has also increase since 2002. In 2002 their net profit margin was 4.1% and has increased gradually to an estimated 8.0% in 2012. However, Value Line estimates that their net profit margin will decrease to 7.3% in 2013 and fall to 6.8% till at least 2015. The gradual increase in profits is attributed to the wars in the Middle East, where at that place has been an increased beseech on their products, but the estimated decrease will be a result of the winding down of operations in the Middle East and the fiscal crisis enveloping the US Government.Even though their profits an d net profit margin is planning on decreasing in 2013 and beyond according to Value Line, Northrop Grumman will remain profitable and thereby allowing to focus on their strategy of performing well for their shareholders. This increase in profitability is in line with their strategy of performance particularly with their stock price, which investors take the firms profitability into account. This has resulted in an average return on capital of 9.2%. Their return on capital is estimated to continue this increase rate by means of 2017 at 11.5%. Northrop Grummans EBITA Margin for 2011 is 14.26% at $3,304,000 million which has been increasing since 2010 and should continue to steadily increase even with the future budget uncertainty in the US government.Dividend PolicyNorthrop Grumman is also a stable company because of its dividend form _or_ system of government. Northrop Grumman offers a quarterly dividend and has been compensable a dividend since 1943 except for 1949-1950. The div idend payouts for 2012 were $0.50 for the first quarter and $0.55 for each subsequent quarter, come ining $2.15, with earnings per share of $7.40 estimated for 2012 resulting in a 29% dividend payout ratio. When compared to other companies in the defense industry, Northrop Grumman is on par with its main competitors in regards to a dividend payout ratio with Boeing having a 2011 dividend payout ratio of 31% and Lockheed Martin of 41% in 2011 (Tortoriello, 2012). In 2011, Northrop Grumman was able to allocate $2.8 billion to give back to shareholders by repurchasing stock and through dividends. These strong cash flows in 2011 were a result of the spinoff of their shipbuilding industry, and $26,412 million in sales.The company is continuing its share repurchasing in 2012 with $290 million allocated to repurchase 13.6 million shares, with $2.0 billion left in that program (NOC earnings release, 2012). This along with the $2.15 dividend in 2012 represent Northrop Grumman strength as a company and their resolve to focus on their shareholders, by buying back stock, making it worth more and continuing to raise their dividend. Prior to the 2000s Northrop Grumman conducted its dividend policy like a utility with dividends that did not change its payout year to year. This all changed when Ron clams became CEO of Northrop Grumman in 2003.He began a program the resulted in stock redemption programs and was able to double the dividend payout during his tenure. CEO Sugar was able to raise the sales per share, however this did not result in an increase in the share price, which a low of $33.80 (Forbes, 2011). Northrop Grumman through their current CEO Wes Bush has increased their emphasis shareholder returns. He was able to the do by increasing dividends by an average of $0.13 per year and an average dividend of $1.78, since 2007. The 2012 dividend will be $2.15 with the fourth quarter paid on Dec 31, 2012. Northrop Grummans dividend policy is to continuously provide a di vidend to its shareholders and to continuously attempt to increase the dividend as well. Another part of Northrop Grummans dividend policy is the stock buyback program. Northrop Grumman has been doing this since 2010, since they have excess cash from the spinoff of Newport News and Huntington Ingalls Industries, Incorporated, the shipbuilding portion of Northrop Grumman and recent bond issues to buy back stock, in lieu of issuing a higher dividend.Corporate Bond Policy and Debt UsageNorthrop Grumman uses corporate bonds like many other companies, for acquisitions, capital expansion projects, and refinancing existing debt. They currently have nine bond issues out with refer payments ranging from 1.85-7.81% with maturity dates from 2014 to 2040. Its current credit rating from SP, Fitch and Moodys is BBB+, BBB+, and Baa1. These rating mean that Northrop Grumman has a lower medium grade rating, however according to Moodys their debt poetic rhythm are at the high end of their current c lass of debt. Their current long term debt on 31 December 2012 will be $3,935.0 million (Value Line, 2012). Since 2009 they have paid of $256.0 million towards their long term debt. In 2011, Northrop Grumman paid $2,692 million in interest payments, according to their 2011 Annual report. They are projecting paying $207.0 million in 2012, which is lower than 2011, but that number is likely to rise at least through 2017.In November of 2010, Northrop Grumman issued a tender offer to buy its bonds back for a total of $2.119 Billion of bonds from its subsidiaries. Concurrently, they have a public offering of senior unsecured debt securities for debt repayment, pension funds, acquisitions, share repurchases, and working capital. On 15 February 2011, Northrop Grumman had a bond issue of $750 million at maturity with an interest rate of 7.125%. Moodys has not down or upgraded Northrop Grummans bond rating, due to a large order of RQ-4 Global Hawks to NATO, and because of a $4.0 billion shar e repurchase plan. That sale could have a positive effect on their bond rating. All in All, Northrop Grumman has had legion(predicate) bond issues, and is currently using its latest one for a multitude of purposes.Industry ComparisonNorthrop Grumman is one of the top five defense companies in the world with defense revenues in 2010 of $31,181 billion (Tortoriello, 2012). Northrop Grumman as the one of the leading defense contractors in the world and is on par with or exceeding its competitors. Comparing the profitability of Northrop Grumman to its peers in the defense industry, we can take a look at figure 1 and compare profitability ratios of Northrop Grumman with the averages in their industry group. The median return on assets (ROA) for the search and navigation equipment is 7.10%, Northrop Grumman currently has a ROA of 7.45% as of 31 Dec 2011, and their current ROA is 5.72% as of 30 September. Using 2011 numbers, Northrop Grumman is slightly more profitable than the other firm s in its SIC industrial grouping. Northrop Grumman is also effective in how they finance their activities, by using a mix of bonds, stock options, and other forms of financing.As of 2011 their total debt to equity ratio is 0.38 when compared to the industry average is of 84.40 is significant because it shows little financing Northrop Grumman is using at this time, however, they are still have a decent bond rating of Baa1 from Moodys and Value Line has their financial strength listed as A++. The industry average for the libertine ratio is 2.00. Northrop Grummans 2011 quick ratio was 0.97. With a quick ratio below one, this shows that Northrop Grumman is highly effective at creating cash from its investments and work activities. In examining these ratios it shows that Northrop Grumman is a highly successful and stable company that would present a low essay investment to an investor. However, it is to be seen what the possibilities of sequestration and cuts to the military have on th ese ratios and the profits and low debt that Northrop Grumman has during the 2000s.Stock damage AnalysisNorthrop Grumman is a publicly traded firm on the New York Stock Exchange, under the symbol NOC. As of 14 December, 2012 they currently have 254,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding. They currently have zero preferred stock and $3,935 million currently in bonds. According to Northrop Grummans last cash flow statement, they paid $543 million in dividends. As of 15 November 2012, the board of directors decided to issue a quarterly dividend of $0.55 per share due 12 December 2012. Northrop Grumman since 2009 has paid an average dividend of $1.83. They also have repurchased $2,194 million in company stock, and they have been doing this for the last(prenominal) few years as another way to compensate their investors besides dividends.Northrop Grumman over the past thirty-six months has seen its stock rise and fall and continue on that path with an average volatility of 2.0. The low volatility of their stock is representative of a stable company, and stable stock prices, that would attract conservative investors, and give new investors faith that they will receive a decent return on their money. Northrop Grumman during this time has since its stock prices with a high of $71.87 and a low of $49.26. The few really large troughs in the wave that the stock price creates is August of 2011 and fall of 2009. These troughs represent the low times for Northrop Grummans stock, but during these times there stock has been steadily climbing specifically after Wes Bush took over as CEO and began to focus on improving the share price as well increase the performance of the company.These dual actions have led to an increase in their share price as well helping the company come down debt, and increase capital to deal with the impending financial crisis that could possibly lead to another recession. As of 14 Dec 2012, Northrop Grumman is trading at $67.37 (yahoo finance, 2 012) they have consistently been trading in the upper $60s since July of 2012, when the stock price was rising from a low of $57.29 in June of 2012. Northrop Grumman stock has been rising because of the good ratings they have received from numerous media outlets, such as Value Line and yahoo Finance.The rise in stock prices and favorable rating can be attributed to the company renewed focus on its core industries and the spinoff of its ship building subsidiaries. Their performance has increased under the leadership of their current CEO Wes Bush. Their stock prices have also remained stable in recent months, because of the strong cash presence, which is adding investor friendly initiatives such as a raising the dividend and repurchasing stock, as well as lobbying for new contracts, like the $30 million post office contract and the NATO contract to buy RQ-4 Global Hawks. Lastly, Northrop Grumman is one of the more stable companies with an estimated EPS in 2012 of $7.40, down $0.01 fr om 2011, which is indicative of a stable company that is meeting or exceeding its performance estimates.Currency RiskNorthrop Grumman is exposed to foreign currency assay however they are not at a great risk to fluctuations in foreign currency. They are exposed to the risks of foreign currency from their international operations. They mitigate foreign currency risk by submission into foreign currency earlier contracts as to manage portions of receipts from international customers and payments that may be have to made to international partners. As of 31 December 2011 Northrop Grumman had $233 million in foreign currency forward contracts outstanding (Northrop Grumman, 2011). With $26,412 million in sales in 2011, (Northrop Grumman, 2012), $233 million is not very significant, and they believe a 10% change in interest rates of foreign currency exchange rates would not have a significant effect on the financial position or effect their operations.Capital MarketsNorthrop Grumman will be affected by the volatility and disruption the domestic and international credit markets. Northrop Grumman admission charge these markets from time to time when they need capital to support capital expansion projects, refinancing of existing debt, and for evolving lines of credit. With the current fiscal crisis in the US and Europe, will make it difficult for Northrop Grumman access credit on favorable impairment or at all which will have an adverse effect on the fiscal standing. They are at risk, because of counterparty default because they deal with bankers and brokers in the credit market, when they have need for more capital. Their suppliers are also at risk with the volatility and disruptions in the credit markets from the fiscal crisis. If their ability to access credit on favorable terms, or at all could adversely affect Northrop Grumman by forcing them to change suppliers, which could lead to them to be unable to meet their contractual obligations.This could cause delay s in programs or force them to find other means to assist their suppliers to support their contracts. Northrop Grumman has also entered into credit agreements amounting to an aggregate principle of $2 billion. This is a revolving door 364 daytime credit agreement that will help them cover costs over the short in the event of a decrease in cash. This revolving line of credit is based on many rates, including the LIBOR or an twitch rate. Northrop Grumman will be facing issues in the credit market, due to the fiscal crisis in the US, and the instability in the federal budget and the looming threat of sequestration, which will directly affect the credit markets. However, the slow growth rates of the US economy, and economy remaining on the brink of falling back into recession has kept interest rates low, which is an attempt to make credit easier to access.ConclusionNorthrop Grumman is a leading defense contractor in the United States that has four main business areas, aerospace system s, electronic systems, information systems, and technical services. They are involved in many products that are used or are in development for the Department of Defense, from the RQ-4 to new electronic warfare systems. Northrop Grumman currently receives 90% of its revenues from the US government, primarily from military contracts. They are also a very stable company that has been increasing their dividends over the past few years, as well as having a steady stock price that has been increasing as well.Their currently a lower medium grade bond rating, rated at Baa+ from Moodys. They have a strong history of supporting the US military with a multitude of historic aircraft and systems that support these aircraft. Northrop Grumman will continue to excel within the looming threat of sequestration and $1 trillion in budget cuts to the defense budget over the next ten years. All in all, Northrop Grumman is a leader in the defense industry and will continue to be a profitable company durin g the drawdowns in the Middle East and the defense budget cuts facing the US armed forces.ReferencesDefense System Staff (2012) NATO inks $1.7B deal for Block 40 Global Hawks, 1105 Media, Vienna, VA. Retrieved on November 10, 2012 from http//defensesystems.com/articles/2012/05/21/agg-nato-global-hawks-contract.aspx. 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